Science+Level+8+Essential+Learnings

**EL 1** Students will develop and apply scientific skills and tools necessary to design, implement, and communicate experiments, observations, and results in an appropriate way.
1. Recognize the difference between observation and inference. 2. Define a problem or testable question. 3. Identify the variables and control. 4. Hypothesize using an if/then statement. 5. Identify the purpose of SI. 6. Identify the SI units of length, volume, mass, temperature, time, and rate. 7. Use appropriate tools (balances, thermometers, etc.) to measure and organize data, analyze data to form a reasonable conclusion. 8. Identify and use pictures, tables, and graphs to analyze and interpret information. 9. Identify and use three types of graphs. 10. Ability to present the results of an investigation. 11. Compare and contrast theories and laws 12. Describe different types of models 13. Recognize the difference between observation and inference

EL 2 Students will investigate the basic concepts about the structure of matter (e.g. the hierarchy of the building blocks of substances) and properties of matter (e.g. solid, liquid, gas, plasma)
1. Describe the characteristics of matter. 2. Identify what makes up matter. 3. Identify the parts of an atom. 4. Draw particulate models for the four states of matter including the arrangement, motion, and energy of the particles. 5. Predict how changes in temperature affect the behavior of particles of matter. 6. List, compare, and contrast physical and chemical changes. 7. Describe and compare substances using physical and chemical properties. 8. Identify and apply methods for separating substances chemically and physically by separating substances into individual components. 9. Apply concept of conservation of mass to to determine how quantities compare before and after a chemical/physical change. 10. Given a list of common substances and/or common formulas, classify matter using the following terms: elements, compounds, and mixtures. 11. Use simple models to describe elemental composition of compounds. 12. Describe the relationships between elements and the periodic table. 13. Use the periodic table as a tool to demonstrate underlying atomic structure of the elements. (Atomic mass and atomic mass.) 14. Identify how electrons are arranged in an atom. 15. Compare how the arrangement of electrons inan atom is related to its place in the periodic table. 16. Interpret chemical shorthand. 17. Determine whether or not a chemical reaction is occurring. 18. Determine how to read and understand a balanced and an unbalanced equation. 19. Contrast metals, metaloids, non-metals. 20. Examine some reactions that release energy and others that absorb energy. 21. Describe different types of solutions. 22. Demonstrate the hierarchy of building blocks of substances and define elements, compounds, mxtures, atoms, ions, and molecules.

EL 3 Students will identify the forms of energy and how these are transferred, stored, and conserved.
1. Identify different types of energy forms (eg. Light, heat, sound, kinetic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, potential) 2. Compare potential and kinetic energy with a system. 3. Define thermal energy. 4. Explain how temperature is related to kinetic energy. 5. Understand the laws of conservation of energy 6. Recognize and demonstrate different types of energy transfer (eg. Potential to kinetic energy) 7. Using appropriate measurement tools, develop an understanding of changes that occur in physical (e.g. phase changes) and chemical reactions, and describe relationships between heat, temperature, and thermal energy.

== **EL 4** Students will identify the quantities (time, distance, mass, force) that characterize moving objects and their interactions with a system. == 1. Define distance, speed, and velocity. 2. Interpret graphical representatins of different ytpes of motion. 3. Explain the relationshop between mass and inertia. 4. Employ Newton's Laws of Motion to explain the movement of actions. 5. Explain how friction affects motion. 6. Predict motion using the Law of Conservation of Momentum. 7. Given measurements for time and distance for objects that are moving in a straight line, relate distance and time in words and graphs. 8. Compare the differences between balanced and unbalanced forces. 9. Define and calculate pressure. 10. Model how the pressure varies in a fluid. 11. Compare the density of an object to the density of water and explain if an object will sink or float. 12. Explain floating and sinking using Archimedes' Principle. 13. Explain how forces are transmitted through fluids. 14. Describe how a hydraulic system increases force. 15. Describe Bernoulli's Principle

== **EL 5** Students will evaluate simple machines to compare and contrast their mechanical advantages. == 1. Identify the types of simple machines 2. Compare input and output forces 3. Explain why different simple machines produce different mechanical advantages. 4. Construct simple machines, compare mechanical advantage

== **EL 6** Students will identify and describe requirements of electric circuits and magnetism. == 1. Describe how objects can become electrically charged. 2. Describe how electrical discharges and lightning occur. 3. Describe a battery and how it produces an electric current. 4. Distinguish between electrical conductors and insulators. 5. Able to build and diagram parrallel and series circuits, magnetism, the flow of electrons through a circuit, construct an electromagnet.

== **EL 7** Students will describe relative wavelengths of different colors of light. == 1. White light 2. Describe the properties of electromagnetic waves and their relationship in the electromagnetic spectrum. 3. Describe light using the various wavelengths. 4. Break down waves (wavelength, amplitude, frequency) 5. Explain how light interacts with materials (reflection and refraction) 6. Describe why objects appear to have color. 7. Lab activities using prisms to break down light.

= **EL 8** Students will investigate and explain how the world is impacted by the interrelationship of science and technology. = 1. Students will examine and interpret how people, critical thinking, advances and insight in technology have led to changes. 2. Identify the technologies used to address problems and brainstorm advantages and disadvantages associated with their use. 3. Describe the benefits and limitations of implementing a new technology to help solve an individual or community problem. 4. Major breaktrhoughs and developments. 5. Describe how science and technology have improved scientific professions.